| From axons to tracts: A journey through the brain's wiring - 84 sec
Created by Luis Concha and Daniel Torres
University of Alberta, Canada.
Please note: This work is licensed using Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License.
Please email me if you would like to use this video. Note: Send email to my gmail account (below).
lconcha __ at ___ gmail.com
http://lconcha.googlepages.com/
The complex circuitry interconnecting different areas in the brain, known collectively as white matter, is composed of millions of axons organized into fascicles and bundles. Upon macroscopic examination of sections of the brain, it is difficult to discern the orientation of the fibers. The same is true for conventional imaging modalities. However, recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make such task possible in a live subject. By sensitizing an otherwise typical MRI sequence to the diffusion of water molecules it is possible to measure their diffusion coefficient in a given direction1. Normally, the axonal membrane and myelin sheaths pose barriers to the movement of water molecules and, thus, they diffuse preferentially along the axon2. Therefore, the direction of white matter bundles can be elucidated by determining the principal diffusivity of water. The three-dimensional representation of the diffusion coefficient can be given by a tensor and its mathematical decomposition provides the direction of the tracts3; this MRI technique is known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). By connecting the information acquired with DTI, three-dimensional depictions of white matter fascicles are obtained4. The virtual dissection of white matter bundles is rapidly becoming a valuable tool in clinical research.
Our journey begins with a transverse section of tightly packed axons as seen through light microscopy. Although represented as a two-dimensional "slice", we see that these axons in fact resemble tubes. A simulation of water molecules diffusing randomly inside the axons demonstrates how the membranes and myelin hinder their movement across them and shows the preferred diffusion direction --along the axons. The tracts depicted through DTI slowly blend in and we ride along with them. As we zoom out even more, we realize that it is a portion of the corpus callosum connecting the two sides of the brain we were traveling on and the great difference in relative scale of the individual axons becomes evident. The surface of the brain is then shown, as well as the rest of the white matter bundles--a big, apparently chaotic tangle of wires. Finally, the skin covers the brain.
With the exception of the simulated water molecules, all the data presented in the animation is obtained through microscopy and MRI. Computer algorithms for the extraction of the cerebral structures and a custom-built graphics engine make our journey through the brain's anatomy possible in a living person.
Micrograph courtesy of Dr. Christian Beaulieu, University of Alberta.
Music by Mario Mattioli.
References:
1. Stejskal, E.O., et al., J. Chem. Phys., 1965. 42:
2. Beaulieu, C., NMR Biomed., 2002. 15:435-55.
3. Basser, P.J., et al., J. Magn. Reson. B, 1994. 103:247-54.
4. Mori, S., et al., NMR Biomed., 2002. 15:468-80.
Auteur : enzymebme
Tags: brain MRI diffusion tractography axons neurons CG 3D cgfx
 | | Guards! Make sure the Prince doesn't leave this room ... - 228 sec
i love this dialogue...
Monthy Python's Holly Grail - Swamp Castle
Keenest guards ever!
FATHER:
One day, lad, all this will be yours!
PRINCE HERBERT:
What, the curtains?
FATHER:
No. Not the curtains, lad. All that you can see, stretched out over the hills and valleys of this land! This'll be your kingdom, lad.
HERBERT:
But Mother--
FATHER:
Father, lad. Father.
HERBERT:
B-- b-- but Father, I don't want any of that.
FATHER:
Listen, lad. I built this kingdom up from nothing. When I started here, all there was was swamp. Other kings said I was daft to build a castle on a swamp, but I built it all the same, just to show 'em. It sank into the swamp. So, I built a second one. That sank into the swamp. So, I built a third one. That burned down, fell over, then sank into the swamp, but the fourth one... stayed up! And that's what you're gonna get, lad: the strongest castle in these islands.
HERBERT:
But I don't want any of that. I'd rather--
FATHER:
Rather what?!
HERBERT:
I'd rather...
[music]
...just... sing!
FATHER:
Stop that! Stop that! You're not going into a song while I'm here. Now listen, lad. In twenty minutes, you're getting married to a girl whose father owns the biggest tracts of open land in Britain.
HERBERT:
B-- but I don't want land.
FATHER:
Listen, Alice,--
HERBERT:
Herbert.
FATHER:
'Erbert. We live in a bloody swamp. We need all the land we can get.
HERBERT:
But-- but I don't like her.
FATHER:
Don't like her?! What's wrong with her?! She's beautiful. She's rich. She's got huge... tracts o' land!
HERBERT:
I know, but I want the-- the girl that I marry to have...
[music]
...a certain,... special... something!
FATHER:
Cut that out! Cut that out! Look, you're marrying Princess Lucky, so you'd better get used to the idea!
[smack]
Guards! Make sure the Prince doesn't leave this room until I come and get him.
GUARD #1:
Not to leave the room even if you come and get him.
GUARD #2:
Hic!
FATHER:
No, no. Until I come and get him.
GUARD #1:
Until you come and get him, we're not to enter the room.
FATHER:
No, no. No. You stay in the room and make sure he doesn't leave.
GUARD #1:
And you'll come and get him.
GUARD #2:
Hic!
FATHER:
Right.
GUARD #1:
We don't need to do anything apart from just stop him entering the room.
FATHER:
No, no. Leaving the room.
GUARD #1:
Leaving the room. Yes.
[sniff]
FATHER:
All right?
GUARD #1:
Right.
GUARD #2:
Hic!
FATHER:
Right.
GUARD #1:
Oh, if-- if-- if, uhh-- if-- if-- w-- ehh-- i-- if-- if we--
FATHER:
Yes? What is it?
GUARD #1:
Oh, i-- if-- i-- oh--
FATHER:
Look, it's quite simple.
GUARD #1:
Uh...
FATHER:
You just stay here and make sure 'e doesn't leave the room. All right?
GUARD #2:
Hic!
FATHER:
Right.
GUARD #1:
Oh, I remember. Uhh, can he leave the room with us?
FATHER:
N-- no, no. No. You just keep him in here and make sure he--
GUARD #1:
Oh, yes. We'll keep him in here, obviously, but if he had to leave and we were with him--
FATHER:
No, no, no, no. Just keep him in here--
GUARD #1:
Until you or anyone else--
FATHER:
No, not anyone else. Just me.
GUARD #1:
Just you.
GUARD #2:
Hic!
FATHER:
Get back.
GUARD #1:
Get back.
FATHER:
All right?
GUARD #1:
Right. We'll stay here until you get back.
GUARD #2:
Hic!
FATHER:
And, uh, make sure he doesn't leave.
GUARD #1:
What?
FATHER:
Make sure 'e doesn't leave.
GUARD #1:
The Prince?
FATHER:
Yes. Make sure 'e doesn't leave.
GUARD #1:
Oh, yes, of course.
GUARD #2:
Hic!
GUARD #1:
Ah. I thought you meant him. You know, it seemed a bit daft me havin' to guard him when he's a guard.
FATHER:
Is that clear?
GUARD #2:
Hic!
GUARD #1:
Oh, quite clear. No problems.
FATHER:
Right. Where are you going?
GUARD #1:
We're coming with you.
FATHER:
No, no. I want you to stay here and make sure 'e doesn't leave.
GUARD #1:
Oh, I see. Right.
HERBERT:
But Father!
FATHER:
Shut your noise, you! And get that suit on!
[music]
And no singing!
GUARD #2:
Hic!
FATHER:
Oh, go and get a glass of water.
[clank]
Auteur : feefree
Tags:Monthy Python Holly Grail Swamp Castle funny conversation orders guards Make sure the Prince doesn't leave this room
| | Rat Population Boom in the Chittagong Hill-Tracts - 72 sec
Every few decades there is a huge boom in the rat population in the Chittagong Hill-Tracts in Bangladesh. As were walking to a rural village, we found some Bamboo, Rick Davis (a science teacher at the American International School in Dhaka) explains why this increase in the rat population happens every few decades.
This is a deleted scene for my video on my main channel, you can check that video out here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olq_EnaYvFQ
Auteur : thestudent
Tags: Bangladesh Rats UnculturedProject Bamboo thestudent Chittagong Hill-Tracts Hill Tracts Rural Population Rat
| | Hank, John, and a Journey Through the Chittagong Hill-Tracts - 233 sec
This is what I mean when I say "YouTube with a Purpose".
It's thanks to YouTube that John Green (in Indianapolis) and Hank Green (in Missoula, Montana) were able to connect to me here in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Using a donation from Hank, I was able to help a needy family in a remote (and military controlled) region of Bangladesh called the Chittagong Hill-Tracts. The journey was quite long and this video helps the highlight how remote this region is.
If this is the first time you've seen one of my videos, here are the basics: I'm not an NGO, charity, or someone looking to become a YouTube celebrity. This is just my way of inspiring others, paying it forward, and changing the conversation about global poverty. You can learn more about my work at my website:
http://uncultured.com
I can't thank Hank and John enough for all the support they've lent. Their channel, of course, is:
http://youtube.com/vlogbrothers
To keep this video short, I had to cut a lot out. Here are is the playlist of deleted scenes for this video:
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A1F0B49B1177351C
The internet connection here in Bangladesh is horrible for doing stuff like uploading videos to YouTube. It takes a lot of hard work and I couldn't do it without a lot of help from friends. This video was uploaded with the help of my friend Alan. Check his channel out here:
http://youtube.com/fallofautumndistro
For a list of recommended charities, check out:
http://uncultured.com/charities
If you'd like to make a donation to me, please read this first:
http://uncultured.com/donations
Thanks to Stefan D and Brad Sucks for lending their music to this video.
Stefan D
http://www.furaxe.qc.ca/stefand/
Brad Sucks
http://www.bradsucks.net
This video is licensed under the Creative Commons (BY-SA-NC).
Auteur : UnculturedProject
Tags: UnculturedProject vlogbrothers Hank John Shawn Nerdfighting Nerdfighters Bangladesh Chittagong Poverty Poor Xbox 360
| | Gospel Tracts | Simple Witness | Story of Mr Genor - 562 sec
http://www.jesus-international.com This is the encouraging testimony of the impact that one little old man, Mr Genor made through a heartfelt commitment to share a simple salvation message with ten people a day by giving them a gospel tract.
Auteur : prodigaleight
Tags: gospel tracts christian george street sydney salvation soul winning Mr Genor tract jesus evangelism church message simple witness australia
| | Gospel Tracts - 590 sec
Quality, Inexpensive Gospel Tracts with a Strong Biblical Message. Many of the Gospel Tracts have specific follow-up websites for the people to go to after they have read the Gospel Tract. Almost all of our small postcard size tracts and business card size tracts are 16 pt. card stock. That means they are very thick and durable. That all have UV coating and full color on both sides as well. Check them out at www.GospelTract.org!
Auteur : skellys3
Tags:gospel tracts evangelism witnessing sharing the street ministry open air preaching Ray Comfort Way of Master Mark Cahill
| | Aura Noir Deep Tracts of Hell (Live in Holland 1998) - 169 sec
From their 1998 full length Deep Tracts of Hell
I can scarcely lay claim to flesh.
Though it is dreamed for, wept for.
And it shines like dark gems.
...It is the noise and the dancing,
And their joyless hearts.
And all the pleasures one might have.
Derelict tracts of hell.
Then all these slices came through to my hands.
To erupt in welcoming darkness.
And it shines like streams of pain.
...It is the hearse and the vulture
And their swollen yarn.
And all the breath to mourn them with.
This is the tune of sparks,
The tone of relentlessness.
The spiral scar.
This is the wounds that sneers,
The trance of creedence.
You are my art.
Auteur : FartheadOgre
Tags: Aggressor Apollyon Blasphemer Aura Noir Sodom Kreator Cadaver Inc. Dodheimsgard Thrash Beer Sex Bathory VBE
| | Des tracts pour prévenir l'assaut à venir - 77 sec
Des tracts sont distribués afin de prévenir de l'assault à venir.
Auteur : france24
Tags: France 24 carnet route comores iles anjouan tract prévention assault débarquement
| | Cortico spinal tracts - 89 sec
Cortico spinal tracts
Auteur : medrcedutech
Tags: Cortico spinal tracts medrc education technology elearning views smarteach india
| | Ray Comfort giving advice on using Tracts for witnessing. - 605 sec
Ray Comfort at Valley Bible Church in Hercules, California.
Auteur : jaredduba
Tags: Ray Comfort Way Master Tracts
| | Handing out Big Money Tracts - AMGEN Bike Tour 2008 - 405 sec
http://www.thelawmanchronicles.blogspot.com
Auteur : fourbyfourblazer
Tags: The Lawman big money 100 dollar gospel tracts way of the master livingwaters
| | Handing out gospel tracts - Hollywood Blvd - 578 sec
http://thelawmanchronicles.blogspot.com/
Tony Miano & Mike Dunugan handing out million dollar bill gospel tracts on Hollywood Blvd.
Auteur : fourbyfourblazer
Tags: Evangelism Gospel Tracts witnessing LivingWaters WOTM good person test way of the master
| | les tracts des candidats vu par des américains - 369 sec
ce que déduisent des étudiants américains des plaquettes des candidats à la présidentielle française 2007. Qui, d'après la photo est celui qui semble avoir le plus la carrure? Très intéressant. La réponse en images.
Auteur : zion44
Tags:UMP PS bayrou udf sarkozy pen nihous schivardi election president france francaise villiers voynet segolene royal
| | How to make your own GOSPEL TRACTS! - 275 sec
This is a step by step guide how to design and develop your own gospel tracts! The one step I forgot to mention in the video is make sure you use GLOSSY paper!
Auteur : valuecard2
Tags: Gospel Tract Tracts Evangelism Street Preaching Labourer evangelise
| | Fish with Trish-Two Minute Tracts Tips for the Car - 150 sec
Trish from www.fishwithtrish.com shares tips for evangelism.
Auteur : fishwithtrish
Tags: Evangelism The Way of the Master Radio Ray Comfort Kirk Cameron Todd Friel Fish with Trish Living Waters Gospel
| | Vivien's Box of Tracts #1 - 651 sec
Vivien's Box of Tracts #1
Auteur : excatholics
Tags: Bible Gospel Tracts Christian Evangelising Open Air Outreach Street Preaching England Britain United Kingdom
| | NC A&T Homecoming...Gospel Tracts - 522 sec
2008 Homecoming..Night Life
Auteur : cpcoldmaniv
Tags: NC A&T Gospel Tracts
| | Gospel Tracts - 140 sec
Does tract evangelism work? Are the new anointed tracts Tim's solution for reaching his neighbors?
Auteur : bob2779
Tags: tracts bible evangelism church religion humor Christian neighbor tract
| | Vivien's Box of Tracts #2 - 482 sec
Vivien's Box of Tracts #2
Auteur : excatholics
Tags: Bible Gospel Tracts Christian Evangelising Open Air Outreach Street Preaching England Britain United Kingdom
| | Giant Money Tracts - 590 sec
Look at a ploy to get you to take a tract:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxUr5AVecKY
Sorry link is broken up.
Auteur : AnethSvartalf
Tags: tracts tract ploy giant money fundamentalists way of the master
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