| Thåström - Keops pyramid - 210 sec Från hyllningskonserten till Mikael Wiehe. Malmö, augusti 2006. Auteur : staten Tags:thåström keops pyramid  | | Hoola Bandola Band - Keops pyramid - 393 sec Hoola Bandola Band - Keops pyramid
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Communism
Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism
Guild socialism
Libertarian socialism
Market socialism
Revolutionary socialism
Social democracy
Utopian socialism
Contents [hide]
1 Historical precedents
2 Origins of socialism
2.1 Saint-Simon
2.2 Robert Owen
2.3 Proudhon
2.4 Bakunin
3 Marxism and the socialist movement
4 The International Workingmen's Association - the First International
5 Paris Commune
6 The Second International
6.1 Germany
6.2 Russia
6.3 USA
6.4 France
6.5 The First World War
7 British Socialism
8 The Revolutions of 1917-23
9 The inter-war era and World War II
9.1 Britain
9.2 USA
9.3 Germany
9.4 Sweden
10 Socialism after World War II
In 1848, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels published the Communist Manifesto. Marx and Engels drew from the socialist or communist ideas born in the French Revolution of 1789, the German philosophy of GWF Hegel, and English political economy, particularly that of Adam Smith and David Ricardo. Marx and Engels developed a body of ideas which they called scientific socialism, more commonly called Marxism.
The Communist Manifesto says "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles" [21] and famously declared that the working class would be the "grave digger" of the capitalist class.
Marx and Engels distinguished their scientific socialism from what they termed the utopian socialism of some other socialist trends. For Marxists, socialism or, as Marx termed it, the first phase of communist society, can be viewed as a transitional stage characterized by common or state ownership of the means of production under democratic workers' control and management, which Engels argued was beginning to be realised in the Paris Commune of 1871, before it was overthrown.[22] They see this stage in history as a transition between capitalism and the "higher phase of communist society" in which human beings no longer suffer from alienation and "all the springs of co-operative wealth flow more abundantly." Here "society inscribe[s] on its banners: From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs!" [23] For Marx, a communist society entails the absence of differing social classes and thus the end of class warfare. According to Marx and Engels, once a socialist society had been ushered in, the state would begin to "wither away", [24] and humanity would be in control of its own destiny for the first time. [25]
Marx and Engels argued that capitalism "compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode of production" [26] and raised the seminal call, "Proletarians of all countries, unite".[27]
10.1 The bi-polar world
10.2 Social Democracy in power
11 Militancy, Socialism and the rise of neo-liberalism
12 Socialism in the 21st Century
13 Socialism as an economic system
14 Socialism and social and political theory
15 Criticisms of socialism
16 Notes
17 References and further reading
18 See also
19 External links Auteur : mircwar2 Tags:Hoola bandola band progg folk music bob dylan dan berglund knutna nävar  | | Joakim Thåström & Mikael Wiehe - Keops pyramid Live - 485 sec Som titeln säger. Thåström och Wiehe sjunger Keops Pyramid tillsammans Live. Auteur : HasseKungen Tags:Wiehe Thåström Keops Pyramid Live  | | Pirámides de Giza: Keops, Kefrén y Mikerinos. Esfinge - 477 sec Pirámides de Giza: Keops, Kefrén y Mikerinos. Esfinge y Barca Solar
Giza o Guiza (en árabe, الجيزة Al-Ŷīza, pronunciado Al-Gīza en dialecto egipcio) es una ciudad de Egipto en la orilla occidental del río Nilo, situada a unos 20 km al sudoeste del centro de El Cairo y que hoy, de hecho, forma parte del área metropolitana de la capital egipcia. Es la capital de la gobernación del mismo nombre.
Es célebre en el mundo porque en sus cercanías se encuentra la meseta de Guiza, lugar donde hace unos 4.600 años se erigieron las tres grandes pirámides de la dinastía IV. Giza forma parte de la gran necrópolis de Menfis, que se extendía a lo largo de más de 40 kilómetros y era conocida en el Imperio Antiguo de Egipto con el nombre genérico de Her-necher (la Necrópolis) o Imentet (Occidente).
Cada una de las tres grandes pirámides tenía su propio nombre, que designaba también a la necrópolis que la circundaba. El horizonte de Keops, Kefrén es grande y Micerino es divino. Durante el reinado de Keops fue cuando la meseta de Giza alcanza gran relevancia.
Existen varios tipos de sepulturas en Giza, como mastabas e hipogeos, destinadas a miembros de la familia reinante, altos dignatarios o sacerdotes.
Las pirámides que custodiaron los restos de los faraones formaban parte de amplios complejos funerarios, con templos, otras tumbas, y pirámides menores. Al Este de la pirámide de Keops se construyeron las denominadas pirámides de las reinas, de casi 50 metros de lado y 30 de altura, para servir de tumbas a su madre Hetepheres y a sus esposas Merytites y Henutsen. En el año 1992 se descubrió parte de otra pirámide situada al sudeste de la Gran Pirámide, con base cuadrada de 23 metros de lado y unos 12 metros de altura con tan sólo los restos de las tres primeras hileras de piedra.
(2) Giza
Giza or Gizah (Arabic, الجيزة, transliterated al-Gīzah; pronounced in the Cairene dialect of Egyptian Arabic eg-Gīza; also sometimes rendered in English as Gizeh, Ghizeh, or Geezeh) is a town in Egypt on the west bank of the Nile river, some 20 km southwest of central Cairo and now part of the greater Cairo metropolis. It is the capital of the Al Jizah Governorate, and is located near the northeast border of this governorate in coordinates 29°59′00″N, 31°08′00″E. It is located right on the banks of the Nile River. Its population is 4,779,000 (1998).
Giza is most famous as the location of the Giza Plateau: the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world, including a complex of ancient Egyptian royal mortuary and sacred structures, including the Great Sphinx, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and a number of other large pyramids and temples.
The Great Pyramid of Giza was once advocated (1884) as the location for the Prime Meridian, a reference point used for determining a base longitude.
History
Giza's most famous archaeological site, the Giza Plateau, holds some of the most astonishing monuments in Egyptian history. Once thriving with the Nile that flowed right into the Giza Plateau, the Pyramids of Giza were built overlooking the ancient Egyptian capital of Memphis, which was near modern day Cairo.
The Giza Plateau is also home to many other Ancient Egyptian monuments, including the tomb of Pharaoh Djet of the First dynasty as well as that of Pharaoh Ninetjer of the Second dynasty.
The city itself has seen some changes over time. Changes in infrastructure during the different occupations of Egypt by various rulers, including the British in the 19th and early 20th century, focused on the construction of roads, streets, and buildings in the area. It is commonly misunderstood that the Giza area is a complete desert area; however, Giza has become a thriving centre of Egyptian culture and is quite heavily populated, with many facilities and buildings in the current area. Giza saw much attention in particular to its vast amount of ancient Egyptian monuments found on the Giza Plateau, and has astonished thousands of visitors and tourists over the years. Giza's infrastructure saw much attention from both the British government prior to the 1952 coup d'etat, as well as the current Egyptian government due to the city's importance in tourism.
Parts of Giza include Alharam famous in the past for its night clubs, Zamalek predominantly populated by middle class Egyptians and relatively recently overpopulated Almohandeseen.
Texto: Wikipedia Auteur : TerraeAntiqvae Tags:Pirámides Giza Keops Kefrén Mikerinos Esfinge Egipto Egypt  | | La gran piramide de Keops - 54 sec http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/videos/602.htm Auteur : artehistoriacom Tags: artehistoria historia protagonistas egipto  | | karem show en keops - 251 sec presentación keops Auteur : 099435338 Tags: tv  | | Pirámide de keops por Jean-Pierre Houdin - 94 sec Cómo se construyó la gran pirámide de Keops (Khufu) según una nueva teoría presentada por Jean-Pierre Houdin. Está sacado de TVE1. Auteur : pierrealcuadrado Tags:keops khufu jufu cheops gran piramide pirámide pyramid jean-pierre houdin  | | Sepulcros egipcios, de la mastaba a la Pirámide de Keops - 186 sec http://www.artehistoria.com/arte/videos/692.htm
Los egipcios estaban convencidos de que su vida eterna dependía de la conservación del cuerpo por lo que el sepulcro donde es enterrado tendrá una gran importancia, especialmente para los grandes personajes.
El tipo normal de sepulcro es la mastaba, enorme banco en forma de pirámides truncadas. Por bajo del nivel de tierra, en el fondo de un pozo al que sólo se accede por la parte superior y que se rellena de arena tras el sepelio, se encuentra la cámara funeraria donde se deposita el sarcófago.
En la tercera dinastía se emplearán como sepulcro pirámides escalonadas constituidas por pirámides truncadas superpuestas como la del faraón Zoser en Sakara. En la dinastía siguiente se emplearán ya pirámides perfectas, siendo las más importantes las de Keops, Kefrén y Mikerinos.
La Gran Pirámide de Keops tiene casi 147 metros de altura y 230 metros por cada lado de su base. Contemplamos una sección transversal en la que se aprecian todos sus elementos: la entrada se encuentra en el lado norte, a 18 metros de altura; de ella parte un corredor en rampa de más de 100 metros que penetra en el subsuelo de roca hasta una cámara inacabada que no será utilizada ya que se decidió situar la cámara del sarcófago en la masa de la pirámide. Para ello se construyó un corredor ascendente que se continúa en dirección horizontal hasta la mal llamada Cámara de la Reina. Entre el inicio de la Gran Galería y el corredor descendente se construye un pasadizo de escape. También de la Gran galería y de la Cámara funeraria parten dos conductos de ventilación que las comunican con el exterior a 76 metros de altura. Auteur : artehistoriacom Tags: artehistoria historia arte egipto piramide mastaba  | | NAZARENA VELEZ EN CARLOS PAZ KEOPS DISCO - 287 sec NAZARENA VELEZ EN CARLOS PAZ KEOPS DISCO Auteur : gytanooo Tags:NAZARENA VELEZ EN CARLOS PAZ KEOPS DISCO  | | mariela en el caño de keops - 254 sec presentación en keops Auteur : 099435338 Tags: tv  | | stiptease en keops - 166 sec alto boliche keops antes d este camion paso un chavon striper q asco pero esta mina ta re wena alto boliche keops Auteur : edudogaleano Tags: cortometraje  | | Aida - Tomas Falsas 1/3 KEOPS Media - 212 sec Tomas falsas de la serie AIDA Auteur : Guillerminor Tags: aida tomas falsas keops media luisma mauricio chema fidel  | | MISIR ( Hiyeroglifler, Piramit, Firavun, Keops ) - 570 sec Mısır: Gerçek Indiana Jones'lar Belgeseli - NTV The Secrets of the Hieroglyphs
Jean-François Champollion,1790 -- 1832)
1822'de Hiyeroglifleri deşifre eden Fransız.Mısır ve Dilbilimci.
BELGESEL METNİNDEN:(Tercüme-BurakAYGÜN)
...Champollion, Eski Mısır mezarlarında gördüğü ihtişamın
asıl sebebini keşfetmişti. Mısırlılar, ölümden sonraki yaşamlarına dair tüm umutlarını tek bir adamın,yani
firavunlarının başarılı biçimde defnedilmesine bağlamışlardı.Firavun hayatta olduğu gibi ölümde de onların koruyucusuydu.
Champollion'un bu açıklaması,sadece Krallar Vadisi için değil Mısır'ın en ünlü mezarı olan Gize'deki Büyük
Piramit için de mantıklıydı. Hiyerogliflerin deşifre edilmeleri sayesinde bugün artık firavunun piramide defnedilişi sırasında izlenen olayları sırasıyla biliyoruz. Firavun öldüğünde, tabutu Nil üzerinden
piramidin nehir kıyısındaki iskelesine getirilmiş; orada kutsal ayinler yapılmıştı.
Tabut, ayinin bir parçası olarak, piramidin önce yeraltındaki
odasına indirildi.
Oradan bir üstteki kata alındı. Yolculuğun son bölümünde, üçüncü
odaya çıkarıldı.
Sonunda büyük granit tavanın altına getirilen tabut, taş lahdinin
içine kondu. Yolculuğa çıkmaya hazırlanan kral, artık sonsuzluğa
fırlatılacağı konumu almıştı.
Kralın geceleyin gökyüzünde görülen ve yerinden hiç kımıldamayan belli bir noktaya doğru uçacağı düşünülüyordu. Mısırlılar bu noktayı sonsuzluk olarak görür, cenneti temsil eden bu noktaya ve onu çevreleyen yıldızlara büyük saygı duyarlardı.Bugün bu
yıldızları, "batmayan" veya "ufkun altına inmeyen" yıldızlar olarak biliyoruz. Mısırlılar
onlara "Yokedilemeyenler" adını takmıştı.
Kralın odasının kuzey duvarında küçük bir menfez vardı. Buradan başlayan dar baca, piramidin kalın taş kütlesinden geçerek dış duvara açılıyordu. Baca, tıpkı bir teleskop gibi gökyüzündeki tek bir noktaya,"Yokedilemeyenler"e doğru çevrilmişti.Mısırlılar, cenneti bulmakla kalmayıp oraya gitmek için gereken aracı inşa ettiklerine de inanıyorlardı.
Büyük Piramit, bir yeniden diriliş makinesiydi. Firavunun ve firavunun
üstünden Mısır halkının sonsuza dek yaşamasını garanti altına alıyordu.
Champollion'un Krallar Vadisi'ndeki çalışmaları, Mısır'ı kavrayışımızda
bir devrim yarattı. Eski Mısır'a ilişkin keşiflerin belki de en ünlüsü, yine hiyerogliflerin deşifre edilmesi sayesinde gerçekleşecekti.Yaklaşık 100 yıl sonra aynı vadide gelmiş geçmiş en göz kamaştırıcı hazineler gün ışığına çıkarıldı.
Tutankamon'un mezarını keşfeden Howard Carter'ın böyle bir firavunun
varlığından haberdar olması bile Champollion'un başarısı sayesindeydi.
Champollion'dan sonra gelen Mısır-bilimciler, pek az tanınan bu firavunun
hükümdarlığı hakkında az sayıdaki ipucunu yine hiyerogliflerden elde etmişlerdi.
(Not:Bu yazı,Sabancı Üniv.Öğrencisi
Başak Şahin'in katkılarıyla
hazırlanmıştır.)
kaynak : www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/378074.asp Auteur : ayseb80 Tags: Egypt Keops Mezar Scarabe Antik Mısır Kaşif  | | Aida - Tomas Falsas 2/3 KEOPS Media - 294 sec Tomas falsas de la serie AIDA Auteur : Guillerminor Tags: aida tomas falsas keops media luisma mauricio chema fidel jonathan lorena paz eugenia  | | Viaje a Egipto, la piramide de Keops - 339 sec Recorrido por el laberinto de cámaras y pasajes del interior de la piramide mas grande del mundo Auteur : JUANFSANCHEZ Tags: Juan Fco Sanchez: Egipto-2  | | Thåström - Kung keops pyramid (Live@Malmöfestivalen) - 214 sec Thåström hyllar Mikael Wiehe på 60-årsdagen med sin tolkning av "kung keops pyramid". Auteur : krist1885 Tags:krist1885 thåström kung keops pyramid malmöfestivalen  | | 2012 / EL PROYECTO KEOPS / PLANETA X - 587 sec PROGRAM TVN ABOUT PROJECT KEOPS
Część 1 / Part 1: http://video.google.pl/videoplay?docid=3405204887944568831
Część 2 / Part 2: http://video.google.pl/videoplay?docid=7882038866472428982&hl=pl
http://www.projekt-cheops.com
http://www.missionpharaoh.com
http://www.przebudzeniecheopsa.com
http://jasonk.blog.onet.pl
The story described in this film refers to real and authentic events and people.
* Since May 2001 we have obtained information on the location of the tomb of Pharaoh who built the Great Pyramid in Egypt. This information was obtained from a Polish woman, Lucyna Lobos, through sessions of hypnotic age regression.
* The excavation of the Pharaoh's tomb and placing the mummy in the sarcophagus of the Great Pyramid is suppose to "open" the Pyramid and create a protection from catastrophic changes such as global warming and natural disasters, especially from the danger of year 2012, i.e. changing of the Earth polarity.
* According to obtained information, the Great Pyramid was constructed about 6,500 years ago by the Pharaoh whose name was THE ONE WHO CAME FROM HEAVEN.
* The main builders of the Pyramid originated from a distant civilization in the Orion Constellation and were from a planet called Ashun. During the Pyramid's construction the people of the earth only performed basic lighter tasks.
* In order to empirically validate this information from the age regression sessions with Lucyna Lobos, the University of Wroclaw (Poland) has initiated archeological excavations in the southern mountain in Poland called Sleza in August 2004. These excavations are still proceeding today.
* To further validate this information, the University of Cairo performed radar ground penetrating research (GPR) in the area of the Great Pyramid to the depth of over 60 meters in February 2006. This was achieved with the permission of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Egypt.
The Book :
http://www.amazon.com/dp/1425935931?t... Auteur : projectcheops Tags: Planetax Nibiru Annunaki Enki 2012  | | Aida - Tomas Falsas 3/3 KEOPS Media - 442 sec Tomas Falsas de la serie AIDA Auteur : Guillerminor Tags: aida tomas falsas keops media luisma mauricio fidel lorena eugenia  | | Floppy de Gran Hermano en Keops - 102 sec Más información en www.pablolayus.com.ar Auteur : wwwpablolayus Tags: Floppy Gran Hermano Keops Erotico  | | Liset Feider presentación keops - 220 sec presentación keops Auteur : 099435338 Tags: tv  |
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